Blast-Resistant Structures
Blast-resistant structures are structures that can resist the shock waves of an explosion without collapsing catastrophically under specific explosion scenarios, such as high pressure, fragment impacts, and instantaneous dynamic loads. Based on the specified performance objectives of blast-resistant structures under given peak overpressure, duration, and impulse conditions, structures that do not collapse but can be repaired and remain operational under these conditions are considered blast-resistant structures. The explosion overpressure value depends on the explosion scenario. Basic blast-resistant structures are usually designed to withstand overpressures of more than 70 kPa[Charles E. N, 2018].
This type of structure is widely used in military facilities, oil and gas plants, chemical plants, nuclear power plants, important government buildings, underground metro tunnels, and critical infrastructure. Its main goal is not to make structures damage-free but to control the level of damage such that catastrophic collapse does not occur under the design-basis explosion scenario. It also helps to minimize casualties caused by the failure of walls, glass, and other structural components; extends the time available for evacuation and rescue; and maximizes the protection of human life and the continuity of essential services. In addition, it can improve the durability and general strength of the building and reduce the costs for maintenance or reconstruction during normal operation without accidents. This is especially important for facilities with high explosion risks.
Blast-resistant structures are not just made of some special cement or fiber material. Instead, they are structural systems designed and built with a combination of materials, structural configurations, and detailed design, working collaboratively to resist blast loads through coordinated performance. The shock wave loads caused by an explosion are transferred in order from the outer protective elements to slabs, beams, columns, and foundations. Meanwhile, the system controls the damage level and prevents the global structural collapse by means of the material's ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and reliable structural connections.
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